The NOD2 gene (previously known as CARD15) provides instructions for making a protein that plays an important role in immune system function. The NOD2 protein is active in some types of immune system cells (including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells), which help protect the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. The protein is also active in several types of epithelial cells, including Paneth cells, which are found in the lining of the intestine. These cells help defend the intestinal wall against bacterial infection.
The NOD2 protein has several critical functions in defending the body against foreign invaders. The protein is involved in recognizing certain bacteria and stimulating the immune system to respond appropriately. When triggered by specific substances produced by bacteria, the NOD2 protein turns on (activates) a protein complex called nuclear factor-kappa-B. This protein complex regulates the activity of multiple genes, including genes that control immune responses and inflammatory reactions. An inflammatory reaction occurs when the immune system sends signaling molecules and white blood cells to a site of injury or disease to fight microbial invaders and facilitate tissue repair.
The NOD2 protein also appears to play a role in a process called autophagy, which cells use to surround and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. In addition to protecting cells from infection, autophagy is used to recycle worn-out cell parts and break down certain proteins when they are no longer needed. This process is also involved in the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis).
Other Names
ACUG; BLAU; CARD15; caspase recruitment domain family, member 15; caspase recruitment domain protein 15; CD; IBD1; inflammatory bowel disease protein 1; LRR-containing protein; NOD2_HUMAN; NOD2B; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2; PSORAS1
Related Genetics Topics
- Crohn disease — MedlinePlus Genetics
- Blau syndrome — MedlinePlus Genetics
- Yao syndrome — MedlinePlus Genetics
Identifiers
- NCBI Gene: 64127
- OMIM: 605956
Source: MedlinePlus Genetics, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
