The GATA1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of many other genes. On the basis of this action, the GATA1 protein is known as a transcription factor. By binding to DNA and interacting with other proteins, the GATA1 protein regulates the growth and division (proliferation) of immature red blood cells and platelet-precursor cells (megakaryocytes) to facilitate their specialization (differentiation).
To function properly, these immature cells must differentiate into specific types of mature blood cells. Red blood cells help carry oxygen to various tissues throughout the body and platelets aid in blood clotting. The GATA1 protein is also important for the maturation of several types of white blood cells that help fight infection, including eosinophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells.
Two versions of the GATA1 protein are produced from the GATA1 gene: a regular length protein and a shorter version called GATA1s. The GATA1s protein lacks a specific region called the transactivation domain. Although the specific function of this region is unclear, researchers believe that it interacts with other proteins to modify GATA1 protein function.
Other Names
ERYF1; erythroid transcription factor; erythroid transcription factor 1; GATA binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1); GATA-1; GATA-binding factor 1; GATA1_HUMAN; GF-1; GF1; globin transcription factor 1; transcription factor GATA1
Related Genetics Topics
- Diamond-Blackfan anemia — MedlinePlus Genetics
- Dyserythropoietic anemia and thrombocytopenia — MedlinePlus Genetics
Identifiers
- NCBI Gene: 2623
- OMIM: 190685
- OMIM: 305371
Source: MedlinePlus Genetics, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
