The PRKRA gene provides instructions for making a protein called PACT. This protein plays a role in the cell’s response to stress, such as exposure to viruses, damaging molecules called free radicals, or other toxic substances. When a cell is under stress, the PACT protein turns on (activates) another protein called PKR, which then turns off (inactivates) the eIF2 alpha (eIF2α) protein. Inactivation of eIF2α lowers protein production, which helps protect cells from damage. The signals triggered by PACT can ultimately lead to self-destruction (apoptosis) of the cell if it remains under stress.
The signals sent by the PACT protein are also important for a process in the brain called synaptic plasticity. Synaptic plasticity is the ability of the connections between brain cells (synapses) to change and adapt over time in response to experience. This process is critical for learning and memory.
Other Names
DYT16; PACT; PRKRA gene; protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase
Related Genetics Topics
Identifiers
- NCBI Gene: 8575
- OMIM: 603424
Source: MedlinePlus Genetics, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
