The STAT1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in multiple immune system functions, including the body’s defense against a fungus called Candida. When the immune system recognizes Candida, it generates cells called Th17 cells. These cells produce signaling molecules (cytokines) called the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family as part of an immune process called the IL-17 pathway. The IL-17 pathway creates inflammation, sending other cytokines and white blood cells that fight foreign invaders and promote tissue repair. In addition, the IL-17 pathway promotes the production of certain antimicrobial protein segments (peptides) that control growth of Candida on the surface of mucous membranes.
The STAT1 protein helps keep the immune system in balance by controlling the IL-17 pathway. When the STAT1 protein is turned on (activated), it blocks (inhibits) this pathway.
In contrast to its inhibitory role in the IL-17 pathway, the STAT1 protein helps promote other immune processes called the interferon-alpha/beta (IFNA/B) and interferon-gamma (IFNG) signaling pathways. The IFNA/B pathway is important in defense against viruses, and the IFNG pathway helps fight a type of bacteria called mycobacteria, which includes the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.
Other Names
IMD31A; IMD31B; IMD31C; ISGF-3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa; signal transducer and activator of transcription-1; STAT91; transcription factor ISGF-3 components p91/p84
Related Genetics Topics
Identifiers
- NCBI Gene: 6772
- OMIM: 600555
- OMIM: 613796
- OMIM: 614892
Source: MedlinePlus Genetics, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
