The SNCB gene provides instructions for making a protein called beta-synuclein. The exact function of this protein is unknown, but it is likely involved in a process called synaptic plasticity. Synaptic plasticity is the ability of the connections be READ MORE

The SOD1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called superoxide dismutase, which is abundant in cells throughout the body. This enzyme attaches (binds) to molecules of copper and zinc to break down toxic, charged oxygen molecules called su READ MORE

The SOS1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in controlling (regulating) the activation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, which helps control several important cell functions. Specifically, the pathway regulates the grow READ MORE

The SOST gene provides instructions for making the protein sclerostin. Sclerostin is produced in osteocytes, which are a type of bone cell. The main function of sclerostin is to stop (inhibit) bone formation. The maintenance of bone over time require READ MORE

The SOX10 gene belongs to a family of genes that plays a critical role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development. The SOX gene family also maintains the normal function of certain cells after birth. To carry out these roles, READ MORE

The SOX2 gene provides instructions for making a type of protein called a transcription factor. Transcription factors attach (bind) to specific regions of DNA and help regulate the activity of other genes. The SOX2 protein plays a critical role in re READ MORE

The SOX9 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role during embryonic development. The SOX9 protein is especially important for development of the skeleton and plays a key role in the determination of sex before birth. READ MORE

The SP110 gene provides instructions for making a protein called SP110 nuclear body protein, which is a component of cellular structures called nuclear bodies. Nuclear bodies are located within the nuclei of cells, where they help control the activit READ MORE

The SPART gene provides instructions for producing a protein called spartin. Spartin is found in a number of body tissues, including the brain. Research shows that spartin likely plays a role in regulating the activity of endosomes, which are structu READ MORE

The SPAST gene provides instructions for producing a protein called spastin, which is a member of the AAA protein family. This protein family plays a role in many cellular activities, including regulation of cell components and proteins. Spastin is f READ MORE

The SPECC1L gene provides instructions for making a protein called cytospin-A. This protein stabilizes components of the cell's structural framework (cytoskeleton) called microtubules, which are rigid, hollow fibers that help maintain the cell's shap READ MORE

The SPG11 gene provides instructions for making the protein spatacsin. Spatacsin is active (expressed) throughout the nervous system, although its exact function is unknown. Researchers speculate that it may help control the activity of particular ge READ MORE